Down syndrome - Symptoms and causes - Free Essay Example

Genetics Genes play an important role in life reproduction. The inheritance of specific chromosomes can increase the likelihood for many problems or diseases. Health care has conducted enough research to estimate the probability of genetic mutations that can cause developmental disabilities. Genes serve as blueprints to influence body structure and composition (McCance Huether, 2014). Any error in genetic imprinting can lead to a recognizable genetic disease (McCance Huether, 2014). Gene make up has two perspectives such as phenotype is the outward appearance and genotype the genetic sequencing (McCance Huether, 2014). There are many genetic illnesses that have been identified and categorized. Pediatric patients with genetic diseases compromise one-third of the total population (McCance Huether, 2014). Down syndrome Discovering diseases related to genetics has become a priority for early treatment and reduced long-term risks. Genetic screening tests are now available to identify specific gene mutation diseases (McCance Huether, 2014). Trisomy disorders can occur at any chromosome at time of conception (McCance Huether, 2014). The most common type of trisomy is of the twenty-first chromosome being the main cause for Down Syndrome (DS). Normal fetus development contains 46 chromosomes. Down Syndrome is defined by an extra pair of chromosome 21 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). The extra copy causes an altered mutation on the brain and physical development that can lead to life challenges. Prevalence of the disease is seen in 1 of 800 births (McCance Huether, 2014). The disease affects Intelligence Quotient (IQ) to lower scores between 25 and 70 (McCance Huether, 2014). Physical appearance can be affected by causing altered nose bridge and low flat ears. There is a slower response due to muscle tone irregularities. Patients born with DS have a large risk of also having congenital heart defects; causing an increased risk for respiratory infections (McCance Huether, 2014). Prevalence of Down Syndrome increases with the older age of the pregnant mother (McCance Huether, 2014). Older pregn ant mothers run a higher risk due to the age of maternal cells that were created at birth and waiting to be used for years Symptoms at an older than age 40 resemble patients with Alzheimers Disease as it affects chromosome 21 (McCance Huether, 2014). Spontaneous miscarriages and stillbirths are directly associated with genetic diseases such as DS (McCance Huether, 2014). Infants that are born with DS have a 20% chance of death during the first 10 years of life; long-term life expectancy is age 60 (McCance Huether, 2014). Screening tests have been developed to detect the possibility of genetic mutations during pregnancy. An amniocentesis draws a small amount of amniotic fluid usually at 16 weeks when there is a high risk of chromosome abnormalities suspected (McCance Huether, 2014). The test is recommended for women at an advanced maternal age or couples who have a previous risk for genetic disease. Routine prenatal screening blood tests help determine if there is a risk ultrasound helps determine if there is extra fluid accumulation around the neck. There is a possibility for tests to be negative and still have a chance of DS (). Communication Difficulties Children born with DS can develop problems swallowing and communicating effectively (Meyer, Theodoros, Hickson, 2017). Speech Language Pathology (SLP) specializes in disorders that affect the ability of patients to develop speech (Meyer, Theodoros, Hickson, 2017). Due to the incidence of DS there is great need to increase SLP services to help with developmental disabilities children born with DS encounter. Communication ability of DS depends on the development stage of the patient. Other pathological conditions can greatly affect communication such as impaired hearing. There is also a possibility that children can develop an early onset of dementia. In the study Down Syndrome children were provided speech therapy during a course of a year to improve communication outcomes. The study found that most children diagnosed with DS greatly benefit from family involvement with speech therapy and should be a service immediately provided to assess the needs of the patient (Meyer, Theodoros, Hickson, 2017). Improving Physical and Function Mobility Muscle development is greatly affected in patients with DS. Reduced physical fitness capacity, muscle strength and abnormal body composition decreases mobility function of children born with DS (Silva et al., 2017). The goal of the study was to improve physical functioning to reduce long term limitations associated with poor muscle coordination in patients who had been diagnosed with DS (Silva et al., 2017). A total of 27 adult patients diagnosed with DS were included in the study to participate in a Wii based exercise program to improve motor function during a 2-month course (Silva et al., 2017). Patients were conducted an assessment to evaluate physical functioning and develop a plan to improve coordination. After the 2-month evaluation participants greatly improved coordination levels with low impact exercises provided by coordinating technology with physical movement that also incorporates positive reinforcement (Silva et al., 2017). Visual interactive technology reduces the risk of harm from traditional exercise equipment and allows brain functioning to coordinate with patient physical movements (Silva et al., 2017). Breathing and Cognitive Function Sleep cycles affect childrens cognitive development. Patients with DS are at risk for sleep disruption patterns that affect breathing (Joyce Dimitriou, 2017). Sleep is vital for children brain development and cognitive functioning (Joyce Dimitriou, 2017). An estimated 20-30% of children diagnosed with DS experience sleep disturbance (Joyce Dimitriou). The study evaluates children who have sleep disorders related to DS. Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) includes a range of symptoms such as snoring, sleep apnea; fragmented sleep patterns with obstructed airways cause a decreased amount of oxygen available for circulation to tissues (Joyce Dimitriou, 2017). Children who are born with abnormalities in airway have an increased risk for Upper Respiratory Infections (URI) (Joyce Dimitriou, 2017). The study measured 22 preschoolers diagnosed with DS who were concurrently exhibiting sleep disturbance patterns. Cognitive function greatly declined during school hours for children with limit ed sleep. Children diagnosed with DS having sleep patterns greatly benefit from therapy to help improve and rule out pathology associated with lack of sleep (Joyce Dimitriou, 2017). Sleep studies help providers create a treatment plan for possible sleep apnea to improve functioning. Down Syndrome can be a life-altering diagnosis for a newborn. Prenatal testing can estimate the probability of a child born with the genetic disease. Parents of children from families that carry a higher incidence are recommended to do additional screening. Children born with DS can function as adults and many treatment options are available to improve the quality of life. Many adults with DS can carry an independent lifestyle. Genetic science has opened many windows to identify specific gene mutations and diagnosed with developmental disabilities. Parents of children born with DS have a long journey ahead with learning to live with a child who requires additional health services and different learning capabilities.

Clothing Store Case Study - 8603 Words

29/1/2009 Executive Summary: This work is an introduction to the fashion industry of Pakistan which has made quite a lot of progress in just a few years. Ten to fifteen years from now, this industry was still unknown to actually exist to the masses. Later with the formation of fashion councils and education centers under the enthusiastic few who wanted to make a difference and promulgate this very institution of fashion, did the very fashion industry took its concrete contour from the old tailor culture that formerly existed. Today it is one of the most progressing industries in the country. The fashion industry too, is influenced by external forces be they social, political, economic, technological or even competitive, which†¦show more content†¦To some, fashion is an art form. To others, it is life. For most people it is a method of utilizing clothing, accessories and hair. Fashion is a mode to express yourself, to serve as an extension of your personality, or even to disguise your true self (Nellis, 1999). Fashion is a term commonly used to describe a style of clothing worn by most of people of a country. A fashion usually remains popular for about 1-3 years and then is replaced by yet another fashion. Even though there are a lot of changes in fashion, most people do not easily except the changes. A clothing style may be introduced as a fashion, but its use becomes a custom after being handed down from generation to generation. A fashion that comes and goes is called a Fad. (Fashion Forever: What is Fashion?) A lot has changed and evolved in the history of fashion since the 1900s. As the century dawned, fashion was an exclusive enterprise, the pursuit of wealth. The average person in society settled for garments that were usually stitched at home. With time, however, networks of neighborhood tailors began to evolve into a retail history and the boom was followed by boutique selling. The 1930s were influenced by socialism, communism and fascism and women’s fashion became more and more feminine in keeping with these conservative ideas. However, this period also saw the emergence of the culture of clubs and hence dresses became more body-hugging and colors went more deep and dark. TheShow MoreRelatedMisappropriation and Right of Publicity: A Case Study of Ellen Degeneres Clean Clothes Company and Joseph A Bank Clothing Store817 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿In terms of using a defense there are multiple options. One of which is call the Fair Use Defense. The Fair Use Defense can be used in cases where the mark or phrase being infringed upon and brought into question is defined or classified as a descriptive mark. The definition for a descriptive mark consists of the mark acquring a secondary meaning that goes beyond the bare detail of the product. A good example of this would be to describe a pair of pants as having two legs instead of one does notRead MoreStatistics: Credit Card and Pelican Stores1375 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDIES CASE 1: Pelican Stores Pelican Stores, a division of National Clothing, is a chain of womens apparel stores operating throughout the country. The chain recently ran a promotion in which discount coupons were sent to customers of other National Clothing stares. Data collected for a sample of 100 in-store credit card transactions at Pelican Stores during one day while the promotion was running are contained in the file named Pelican Stores. Table 2.17 shows a portion of the dataRead MoreStatistics: Credit Card and Pelican Stores1389 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDIES CASE 1: Pelican Stores Pelican Stores, a division of National Clothing, is a chain of womens apparel stores operating throughout the country. The chain recently ran a promotion in which discount coupons were sent to customers of other National Clothing stares. Data collected for a sample of 100 in-store credit card transactions at Pelican Stores during one day while the promotion was running are contained in the file named Pelican Stores. Table 2.17 shows a portion of the data setRead MoreMarks and Spencer Strategies1201 Words   |  5 PagesA Case Study on Marks and Spencer by stoked, Jul 24, 2008 A case study on Marks and Spencer which includes: The company at present, Background of the Study, Case Background, Problem, SWOT Analysis, Alternative Courses of Action, Recommendation, Conclusion. A Case Study on Marks and Spencer The Company at Present Marks and Spencer has over 450 stores located throughout the UK, this includes the largest store at Marble Arch, London. In addition, the Company has 150 stores worldwide, includingRead MoreLululemon Case Study1306 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1 Case Study Lululemon 1. Considering the five forces of competition and how they direct the profit potential for a given industry, discuss how the forces help explain Lululemon’s performance. 2. The resource-based model assumes that each organization is a collection of resources and capabilities, which provide the basis for a firm‘s strategy and its primary source of above-average returns. Use this this model to outline Lululemon‘s core competencies and how their capabilitiesRead MoreStudy Case Discussion1736 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Plus-Size Wave† Consumer Behavior Case Study page 230 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The underlying theme within this case as well as the reasoning behind the proposed strategic alternative is: how to increase the sales and alter the consumption habits of the target consumer market. We describe the industry and the company’s position within the industry the behavioral aspects of the target consumer market and its relationship to this company. After careful study of theoretical reasoning, we’ve found thatRead MoreEssay on Case Study Analyses: the Gap, Inc.1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe central purpose of writing this Case Study Analyses on The Gap, Inc. is to identify and isolate key issues and their underlying implications and offer practical solutions and plans for implementing those solutions. This will be done by highlighting the social influences that influence the Gap, Inc. marketing strategy, segmentation strategies with respect to distinct retail markets, and positioning strategies that can be used or changed in a retail setting, as requested in the course assignmentRead MoreCase Study Gap Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study Gap 1 Case Study Gap Inc. Gap was established in 1969 by Don Fisher a wealthy real-estate developer and his wife Doris. He opened his first location in San Francisco, California. He partnered with Levi Stratus and created a global phenomenon in the retail industry. Since 2011, the company has established 3,248 stores worldwide. Gap operates 5 different branches: the Namesake Banner, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Piperlime, and Athleta. Gap is amongst the leading corporations inRead MoreCase Study Analyses: The Gap, Inc. Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe central purpose of writing this Case Study Analyses on The Gap, Inc. is to identify and isolate key issues and their underlying implications and offer practical solutions and plans for implementing those solutions. This will be done by highlighting the social influences that influence the Gap, Inc. marketing strategy, segmentation strategies with respect to distinct retail markets, and positioning strategies that can be used or changed in a retail setting, as requested in the course assignmentRead MoreIpulse Buying1222 Words   |  5 Pagesaim of this project is to understand how visual merchandising can impact young adults impulse buying patterns. During the project I will create surveys for face to face interaction, experimental studies in controlled and structured environments such as toy stores which then would develop into case study on particular families which were interesting during the experiment. Identify-I would like to identify the key factors of visual merchandising for young adults – what works best, what persuades a

Rational Choice Theory Criminology - 1329 Words

The Classical School of Criminology, established by Cesare Beccaria, promotes the use of reason as the basis of legal authority and is based on the assumption that individuals weigh the consequences of their acts before committing a crime. It was based was based on assumptions that Individuals can â€Å"choose legal or illegal means to get what they want, fear of punishment can deter them from committing crime, and society can control behavior by making the pain of punishment greater than the pleasure of the criminal gains† (Adler, Mueller, Laufer, 2013). In other words, crime is caused by the individual exercise of free will. The Classical School gave birth to theories that support the concept of free will in relation to the commission of†¦show more content†¦Economic conditions in my country served as an excuse for criminals to rob, assault, and even kill. Most of those who I surrounded myself with were bad influences, but I never followed their steps. I always s tayed away from any sort of trouble, or crime, so as I grew older I began to set myself apart from the wrong people. If otherwise I would have done what my friends did, I would consider myself a criminal, today. I had a rational choice to make and I made it. If I made it, so can anybody else. 2. Chapter 3 in the book discusses the Supreme Court case of Brown v Entertainment Merchant Association, please describe what the case was about and what the court ruled. Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association 131 S. Ct. 2729 (2011) U.S Supreme Court Facts: Associations of companies that distribute, publish, create, sell and/or rent video games declared against the state of California in a federal district court located in the state. The claim was brought under the First and Fourteen Amendments by the plaintiffs where they sought to validate and enact a new law that imposed labeling requirements and restrictions on the rental or sale of violent video games to minors. The court ruled 7-2 in favor of the Plaintiffs, which lead the enforcement of the law to be prevented. Issue: Whether the sale or rental of video games to minors constitute a violation of the First Amendment rights of children. Holdings: The Supreme Court held that theShow MoreRelatedThe Rational Choice Theory Of Criminology1106 Words   |  5 Pages The Rational Choice Theory April Smolkowicz Criminology 3200 Georgia Gwinnett College  The Classical School of Criminology was developed by two utilitarian philosophers, Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham during the early 17th century. The Classical School of Criminology is an important theory in the framework of criminal behavior, with principle themes that include: criminal acts are of individuals free will and rational deliberation, calculating, and hedonistic beings. 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According to this theory, the choice whether or not to commit a criminal act is the result of a rational thought process that weighs the risks of paying the costs of committing a crime, against the benefits obtained. In other words, if the benefits--monetary or otherwise--outweigh the risks of sustaining the costsRead MoreCriminology Rational Choice Theory1683 Words   |  7 PagesName Instructor Course Date Essay Questions Question 1 At the core of criminology, there is a belief that a criminal decides to commit a crime after weighing the benefits and disadvantages of engaging. In such a case, the decision to commit the crime is a rational one, and the best way to counter it is through a deterrence-based system. The rational choice theory assumes that humans are self-centered and the actions they undertake determine the consequences they incur. The position of rationalityRead MoreRational Choice Theory: Merits and Limitations1195 Words   |  5 Pagesinsight into Rational Choice Theory. 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This choice theory stressed the role of knowledgeable selfRead MoreGeneral Theory Of Crime And Delinquency919 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Theory of Crime and Delinquency Many theories exist including biological, psychological, and sociological theories that have been proposed by many criminologists in the criminal justice field and have been closely studied by people (Agnew, Cullen, Wilcox, 2004). Most theories are proposed at the micro level meaning it tries to explain the criminal behavior of individuals and some are proposed at the macro level which tries to explain the crime rates in social groups, meaning micro focuses

Human Resource Management HR Pretenders

Question: Describe about the Human Resource Management for HR Pretenders. Answer: Introduction The HR issue is significant as this decline the performance of the employees thus the performance of the organizations are also diminish. A news article has been published in the brisbanetimes.com.au by Jorge Branco titled "University of Queensland bus racism appeal denied," where an important HR issue has been discussed. According to the news article, an economist Professor Paul Frijters was found at fault position because of misconduct in sanctioning a research on bus racism and demoted. The University of Queensland conducted an investigation on the aforementioned research, where they investigators found that Professor guilty of misconduct, however, the Fair Work affirmed that the investigation conducted by the university was not realistic and the investigation procedures are unreliable (Branco, 2016). The weak HR management has led the university to its current destiny, where the university has to take action against its members. Racism is a serious issue of humanity, and it is wi tnessed in various places in the world, and Australia is not free from it and in Australia there are several incidents of racism taking places, which raise the concern among the international human right organization. One of these types of the incident has been occurred in front of the Professor Frijters when he with his fellow researcher Redo Mujcic found racism and discrimination in the bus of Brisbane own by Brisbane Bus Corporation. They conducted research on this, but the University of Queensland suppressed the study on bus racism. Moreover, for sanctioning the research study the Professor has been demoted. This is a serious HR issue. It is widely observed that the HR plays a vital role in an organization and contributes a lot to the growth and development of the organization, however; insufficient HR management can be the causes of ruining of the organization (Johnson Kaiser, 2012). Brief description of the news story The news story depicts one of the largest issues which is that the Australia's largest University failed to depict the appeal in the scattering workplace and thereby the considerations are created and thereby the investigation is undertaken with creating controversies in the workplace study. The issues depicted in this case are indicating the act of racism and thereby the case study is undertaken for the enhancement of the issues for the purpose of research. The case of bus racism is undertaken which drew the attention for the purpose of conducting the research and thereby the international attention is depicted in this case with creating the comparison between the white and the blacks (Armstrong, 2007). In June, with the investigation made by the Fair work Commission of Brisbane of Australia, found that the University of Australia is found to be guilt in this case with depicting the discrimination of the evidence and thereby the infected error is undertaken and thereby the considera tions are created which found to be useless. The infected error created in the research helps in indicating the issue against the University of Australia and thereby found that the Professor Paul Frijters is found to be guilt for the misconduct of the research of the racism against the bus company, and thereby the UQ decided to demote Professor Paul Frijters from the post (Briscoe, Schuler, and Claus, 2009). After the investigation made by the Michelle Bissett, a member of the Fair work commission, declared that the investigated done in against the University of Queensland helps in depicting the unreliable investigation made and thereby the fairest course of the action must be thrown out to start the new investigation process regarding the case. It thereby provides the appropriate view of the case with depicting the substantial flaws and the lack of the procedural fairness work depicted by the Fair Work Commission (Chaudhuri, 2010). With conducting the new research, several defaults are depicted with indicating the issue and thereby the Professor Frijter's research is invoked during the investigation carried out with depicting the case of the dispute settlement. It thereby helps in providing the appropriate approach undertaken for the dispute undertaken between the parties and thereby the issue seems to be remaining unsolved (Stone, 2013). Professor Frijters' lawyer argued that the investigation made document submitted is lacking details of the case undertaken and thereby it seems to be affecting the number of the disciplinary actions. The university refused to say that the organization University Of Queensland helps in stating the procedural aspects of the disciplinary actions which are claimed to be broken by the Professor Fritter. Henceforth the issue of the racism research conducted by the Professor Frijter seems to be undergrounded with depicting the inappropriate judgment. HR Issues raised in the news story The case study University of Queensland bus racism appeal denied depicts the issues regarding the racism which is one of the most crucial facts which is undertaken in the workplace of Australia (Branco, 2016). The consideration of the case study is undertaken reflects various issues depicted in the whole news article and thereby the reflections are created on the issues which are provided below:- The first issue indicated, in this case, helps to indicate the issues of racism. The news article provides the first issue depicted by the Professor Paul Frijters who is an economist professor at the Queensland University of Brisbane has observed this issue while traveling by bus to its own college. For providing the appropriate judgment to the blacks, the research on the issue undertaken and thereby the issues results in no change (Davenport, 2015). As depicted in this case study, the article in this context depicts the issues of racism for which professor Paul Frijters raised its voice for the determining the equity of whites and the blacks in the society. Henceforth the issue noticed in the bus depicts the issues of racism for which if the research is continued by the professor Paul Frijters then the bus company will be banned and thereby it leads to the misconduct of the case undertaken (Straw, 2015). The second problem that is identified in this case represents the professor Paul Frijters with raising the voice against the case of racism was demoted from the post and thereby creating a different treatment for the professor Paul Frijters by its staff. It henceforth helps in the depicting the long term impacts of the root causes that are depicted in this case study. Henceforth the conduct of the research against the bus company made by the professor Paul Frijters depicting the managerial problems that are notified in this case. With the complaint made by the bus company against the professor Paul Frijters, the profession was demoted from the post and henceforth the research which he is carrying out is banned by the University of Queensland (Goodge, 2006). The underlying problem undertaken helps in providing justification with providing the critical information for the inconsistent manner of the performance of the employees and thereby the reward issues rose against the employees of the University of Queensland. When the organisation disproportionally rewarded the professor Paul Frijters for the research conducted, professor Paul Frijters resigned from the post and from the university for purpose of carrying out the research (Finney, 2010). The student who are in favour of professor Paul Frijters, raised their voices and thereby this incase becomes the issue and thereby the article helps in describing the issues in an appropriate manner. The issues are identified for which the University of Queensland was found to be guilt in this case and thereby the Fairfax Media stood in for of this case with issuing this case in the news article. Henceforth the issues are described separately as per the context and thereby the considerations are created with depicting the issues of racism and the issue of human resource management with depicting the inappropriate judgment made by University of Queensland in this case for the professor Paul Frijters (Johnson Kaiser, 2012). Recommendations and conclusion The University of Queensland suppressed a research study on bus racism conducted by Dr. Redzo Mujcic and demotes Professor Paul Frijters who sanctioned the research study. The university authority stated that the study was banned because it was not conducted with proper ethical approval. The researcher did not get appropriate ethics approval prior starting this research study. However, according to the Professor Frijters the research project did not require any approval from ethics committee because the universitys Phd coordinator had scrutinized the research study and found no harm (Delgado, 2006). The university demotes Professors Frijters because of his misconduct in sanctioning the research subject. The university should properly investigate on the research study and academic freedom should be protected. In this context it is recommended that the HR should be transparent and firm with the HR policies and the HR rules and regulations has to be implemented stringently to reduce the issues related to the HR matters. References Branco, J. (2016).University of Queensland bus racism appeal denied.https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/university-of-queensland-bus-racism-appeal-denied-20160927-grpkis Johnson, J. Kaiser, C. (2012). Racial Identity Denied: Are Wealthy Black Victims of Racism Rejected by Their Own Group?.Social Psychological And Personality Science,4(3), 376-382. Armstrong, M. (2007).A handbook of human resource management practice. [Farmington Hills, Mich.]: Thomson Gale. Briscoe, D., Schuler, R. and Claus, L. (2009).International human resource management. London: Routledge. Chaudhuri, K. (2010).Human resource management. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Davenport, T. (2015). How HR plays its role in leadership development.Strategic HR Review, 14(3), pp.89-93. Delgado, L. (2006). How do I find HR practitioners, not HR pretenders?.Strategic HR Review, 6(1), pp.7-7. Finney, L. (2010). The latest ideas on how to approach measurement and evaluation of HR activities.Strategic HR Review, 9(4). Goodge, P. (2006). How to influence decisions as an HR business partner.Strategic HR Review, 5(2), pp.5-5. Phillips, J. and Phillips, P. (2012).Proving the value of HR. Alexandria, Va.: Society For Human Resource Management. Stone, R. (2013).Managing Human Resources 4e. John Wiley Sons Australia. Straw, M. (2015). How HR can help transform an organisation from within.Strategic HR Review, 14(3), pp.111-112.